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Photograph showing a group of musicians in a street of Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan, taken by John Burke in 1878. Burke, an intrepid photographer widely travelled in the Indian sub-continent, is best known for his photography during the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-80). He entered Afghanistan in 1878 with the Peshawar Valley Field Force and during the two-year campaign worked steadily in the hostile environment of Afghanistan and the North West Frontier Province (now Pakistan), the scene of the military operations. Burke's photographs include many of the people of Afghanistan and his Afghan expedition produced an important visual document of the region where strategies of the Great Game were played out.
The Anglo-Russian rivalry (called the Great Game) precipitated the Second Afghan War. Afghanistan was of strategic importance to the British in the defence of their Indian Empire, and the prevention of the spreading influence of Russia. They favoured a Forward Policy of extending India's frontiers to the Hindu Kush and gaining control over Afghanistan. An opportunity presented itself when the Amir Sher Ali turned away a British mission while a Russian mission was visiting his court at Kabul. The British had demanded a permanent mission at Kabul which Sher Ali, trying to keep a balance between the Russians and British, would not permit.
British suspicions of the Amir's perceived susceptibility to the Russians led them to invade Afghanistan.
Jalalabad, the traditional winter capital of Afghan rulers, was the first major city of Afghanistan encountered after traversing the Khyber Pass. Situated in a fertile valley watered by the Kabul and Kunar rivers 90 miles east of Kabul, it had once been an important town of the Gandhara period (1st to 5th centuries AD), but the modern city was built by the Mughals. Babar, the founder of the Mughal Empire, first planted gardens here, and his grandson Jalaluddin Akbar built the city named after him in the 1560s. It stands in a strategic position on the trade route to the Indian sub-continent. After taking the Khyber Pass, the British troops' occupation of Jalalabad was largely uneventful, and although minor skirmishes with local chiefs took place around it they moved about the city freely. Burke took a number of photographs of the city and its surroundings which are believed to be among the first taken of it; there are no other surviving images from this period. The British spent a considerable amount of time here waiting for the Amir Yakub Khan in Kabul to accept their terms and conditions.
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.jpg "View Looking Up Western Wall of Fort, Showing Right Corner Bastion and Position of the Three Conical Peaks Forming Enemy")
.jpg "View from a Little Below the Fort, Showing Sunga from Which the Enemy Kept Up a Very Harassing Fire on the Advancing Columns by John Burke")
.jpg "Khyber Chiefs and Khans, 1878-79 by John Burke")
.jpg "Sharp Turn in the Defile, a Very Rough Bit by John Burke")
.jpg "Mohamed Zahir Khan and Aslam Khan, 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "The Bridge of Boats and Fort, from Khairabad by John Burke")
.jpg "Afghan Tribesmen Rest in Babur")
_Village_and_Encampment_near_Dakka_-_(MeisterDrucke-1595774).jpg "Kutchi (Gypsy) Village and Encampment Near Dakka by John Burke")
.jpg "The Jhelum at Srinagar, Kashmir by John Burke")
_Regiment_of_Bengal_Native_Infantry_(Pioneers_-_(MeisterDrucke-1056321).jpg "Order of Merit Sepoys, 23rd (Punjab) Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry (Pioneers) by John Burke")
.jpg "Surgeons and physicians of Kabul by John Burke")
.jpg "Lieutenant-General Sam Browne and Staff by John Burke")
.jpg "Peshawar Fort and Surroundings, from Jail by John Burke")
.jpg "The Residency at Kabul, 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "Ali Musjid and Camp from Sultan Tarra, Showing Sunga Where Major Birch and Lieutenant Fitzgerald, 27th Punjab Infantry, Were Killed by John Burke")
.jpg "General Roberts on Vonolel, 1881 circa by John Burke")
.jpg "British and Native Officers, 5th Regiment of Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force by John Burke")
.jpg "Street Scene, Jalalabad by John Burke")
.jpg "A view of the route taken by front attack of Peiwar Kotal, 1878-79 by John Burke")
.jpg "View from a Little Below the Fort, Showing Sunga from Which the Enemy Kept Up a Very Harassing Fire on the Advancing Columns, 1878 by John Burke")
.jpg "General view from above 3rd Bengal Cavalry Mess looking towards the church by John Burke")
.jpg "British officers of the Queen’s Own Guides by John Burke")
.jpg "Panorama of Kabul Viewed from the Bala Burj, 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "Major Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari by John Burke")
.jpg "Down the River from the 3rd Bridge by John Burke")
.jpg "British and Native Officers, 3rd Sikhs, 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "Khyber Chiefs and Khans, 1878-79 by John Burke")
.jpg "A Fort with Armed Men in the Foreground by John Burke")
.jpg "Lieutenant-General Sam Browne and Staff by John Burke")
.jpg "Bird")
.jpg "Group Portrait of Soldiers in the 2nd Afghan War, Kooram (1879) by John Burke")
.jpg "The Laager and Abattis, Sherpur Cantonment, December 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "Barbur")
.jpg "The photographer’s art, Afghanistan, 1880 by John Burke")
.jpg "Bemaru village and defenses from native base hospital, 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "The Logar Bridge by John Burke")
.jpg "Maidan Malicks, Kabul by John Burke")
.jpg "4th Goorkha Regiment Bayonet Team by John Burke")
.jpg "A view of the Kabul River by John Burke")
.jpg "Sharp Turn in the Defile, circa 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "General Appleyard and staff, Ali Musjid in distance by John Burke")
.jpg "A group of soldiers with two Gatling guns by John Burke")
.jpg "Sirdar Habeeboolah Gilzai and Other Khans by John Burke")
.jpg "The End of the Defile, Looking Back at Ali Masjid by John Burke")
.jpg "Assistant Adjutant General with Provost-Marshal and Staff, circa 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "Munad Khani Group, 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "Captured Guns from Ali Musjid Parked on Shergai Heights by John Burke")
.jpg "Panorama Safed Sang Camp from 51st Camp, Safed Koh in Distance by John Burke")
.jpg "Mackeson")
.jpg "Indian NCOs of the Guides Cavalry by John Burke")
.jpg "The Amir Yakub Khan and Sirdars of Kabul by John Burke")
.jpg "Landholders and Labourers of Kabul by John Burke")
.jpg "South face, Upper Bala Hissar, Kabul, 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "General view from Ali Musjid, looking back towards Peshawar, 1878 circa by John Burke")
.jpg "Interior of Fort Dakka by John Burke")
.jpg "Officers of the 51st Regiment on Sultan Tarra, Showing Different Service Uniforms Worn, 1878 by John Burke")
.jpg "The Kabul River, Jellallabad, Scene of the Disaster, 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "Headquarters staff, Kabul by John Burke")
.jpg "Major Cavagnari with Sirdars and Kunae Synd, circa 1878 by John Burke")
.jpg "View looking up gorge from below Sultan Tarra, showing Ali Musjid by John Burke")
.jpg "Durbar Maidan and Logar Chiefs by John Burke")
.jpg "No. 2 by John Burke")
.jpg "Royal Engineers in Engineer")
.jpg "Landi Kotal, Looking North by John Burke")
.jpg "British and Native officers, 3rd Regiment of Bengal Cavalry by John Burke")
.jpg "Shergai Heights Looking Towards Ali Musjid by John Burke")
.jpg "Afridi Picket near Jumrood, Khyber and Rotass in distance, 1879 circa by John Burke")
.jpg "Safed Sang, Viewed from Across the River Showing Sapper Bridge by John Burke")
.jpg "Safed Sang camp by John Burke")
.jpg "The Bridge at Surakh-aub by John Burke")
.jpg "The Amir Yakub Khan")
.jpg "Amir Sher Ali Khan by John Burke")
.jpg "Royal Engineers, near Headquarters Gate by John Burke")
.jpg "Scene in the City Jellalabad by John Burke")
.jpg "Kutchi by John Burke")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1061672).jpg "Peshawar Fort and Surroundings, from Jail, c.1862 by John Burke")
.jpg "The Old Bridge on the Kabul River by John Burke")
.jpg "Lalpura, from the Ferry by John Burke")
.jpg "The photographer’s art, 1880 by John Burke")
.jpg "Khyber Chiefs and Khans, Jamrud Fort, North West Frontier, 1878 by John Burke")
.jpg "A general view of Kadm villages and pass left of Jumrood by John Burke")
.jpg "A Street Scene in Jalalabad City by John Burke")
.jpg "Panorama Safed Koh from Khyber to Shutar Gardan by John Burke")
.jpg "Ali Masjid and Surroundings by John Burke")
.jpg "HQ Signalling Corps, in Engineers Camp by John Burke")
.jpg "Nautch girls, Kabul, 1879 by John Burke")
.jpg "Soldiers on Hillside by John Burke")
.jpg "Khurd Khyber Pass by John Burke")
.jpg "Western end of Dakka Fort, looking towards Khurd Khyber by John Burke")
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